English > chemical science: 1 sense > noun 1, cognition| Meaning | The science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions. |
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| Synonym | chemistry |
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| Category of | Dalton's law, Dalton's law of partial pressures, law of partial pressures | (chemistry and physics) law stating that the pressure exerted by a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture |
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| Henry's law | (chemistry) law formulated by the English chemist William Henry |
| absorb | Become imbued |
| absorption, soaking up | (chemistry) a process in which one substance permeates another |
| abundance | (chemistry) the ratio of the total mass of an element in the earth's crust to the total mass of the earth's crust |
| acceptor | (chemistry) in the formation of a coordinate bond it is the compound to which electrons are donated |
| acetylate, acetylize, acetylise | Receive substitution of an acetyl group |
| acetylate, acetylize, acetylise | introduce an acetyl group into (a chemical compound) |
| acid | Having the characteristics / characteristics of an acid |
| acid value | (chemistry) the amount of free acid present in fat as measured by the milligrams of potassium hydroxide needed to neutralize it |
| acidic | Being or containing an acid |
| acidify, acetify | Turn acidic |
| actinide series | (chemistry) a series of 15 radioactive elements with increasing atomic numbers from actinium to lawrencium |
| activity | (chemistry) the capacity of a substance to take part in a chemical reaction |
| acyclic, open-chain | Having an open chain structure |
| admix | mix or blend |
| adsorb | accumulate (liquids / liquids or gases) on the surface |
| alchemize, alchemise | Alter (elements) by alchemy |
| alkaline, alkalic | relating to or containing an alkali |
| alkalinize, alkalinise | make (a substance) alkaline |
| alkalinize, alkalinise | Become alkaline |
| alkalize, alkalise, alkalify, basify | Turn basic and less acidic |
| alkylic | Of or related to an alkyl |
| allomerism | (chemistry) variability in chemical composition without variation in crystalline form |
| alloy | make an alloy of |
| allylic | Of or pertaining to the allyl radical |
| ammonify | treat with ammonia |
| amphoteric, amphiprotic | Having characteristics / characteristics of both an acid and a base and capable of reacting as either |
| anhydrous | Without water |
| anticatalyst | (chemistry) a substance that retards a chemical reaction or diminishes the activity of a catalyst |
| aromatic | (chemistry) of or relating to or containing one or more benzene rings |
| association | (chemistry) any process of combination (especially in solution) that depends on relatively weak chemical bonding |
| atom | (physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element |
| atomic mass, atomic weight, relative atomic mass | (chemistry) the mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units |
| atomism, atomic theory, atomist theory, atomistic theory | (chemistry) any theory in which all matter is composed of tiny discrete finite indivisible indestructible particles |
| azido | relating to or containing the azido group N3 |
| basic | Of or denoting or of the nature of or containing a base |
| bate | soak in a special solution to soften and remove chemicals used in previous treatments |
| benzylic | relating to benzyl |
| bind | form a chemical bond with |
| bivalent, divalent | Having a valence of two or having two valences |
| bound | held with another element, substance or material in chemical or physical union |
| buffer | (chemistry) an ionic compound that resists changes in its pH |
| build | improve the cleansing action of |
| butylate | introduce the butyl group into a chemical compound |
| cacodylic | Of or relating to cacodyl |
| calcine | heat a substance so that it oxidizes or reduces |
| carbocyclic | Having or relating to or characterized by a ring composed of carbon atoms |
| carbolated | Containing or treated with carbolic acid |
| carbonize, carbonise, carburize, carburise | Unite with carbon |
| carbonyl, carbonylic | relating to or containing the carbonyl group |
| carboxyl, carboxylic | relating to or containing the carboxyl group or carboxyl radical |
| carboxylate | treat (a chemical compound) with carboxyl or carboxylic acid |
| carburet | combine with carbon |
| catabolize, catabolise | subject to catabolism |
| catalyst, accelerator | (chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected |
| catalyze, catalyse | change by catalysis or cause to catalyze |
| chain, chemical chain | (chemistry) a series of linked atoms (generally in an organic molecule) |
| chemical phenomenon | Any natural phenomenon involving chemistry (as changes to atoms or molecules) |
| chemical process, chemical change, chemical action | (chemistry) any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved |
| chemical reaction, reaction | (chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others |
| chemist | A scientist who specializes in chemistry |
| clathrate | Designating or relating to a compound in which one component is physically enclosed within the crystal structure of another |
| closed chain, ring | (chemistry) a chain of atoms in a molecule that forms a closed loop |
| coke | Become coke |
| compound, chemical compound | (chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight |
| conjugate, conjugated | Of an organic compound |
| conjugate, conjugated | formed by the union of two compounds |
| conjugate | Unite chemically so that the product is easily broken down into the original compounds |
| convert | change in nature, purpose, or function |
| copolymerize, copolymerise | polymerize together |
| crack | Reduce (petroleum) to a simpler compound by cracking |
| crack | break into simpler molecules by means of heat |
| critical | At or of a point at which a property or phenomenon suffers an abrupt change especially having enough mass to sustain / sustain a chain ... / chain reaction |
| cyclic | Of a compound having atoms arranged in a ring structure |
| de-iodinating | Removing iodine from |
| deaden | convert (metallic mercury) into a grey powder consisting of minute globules, as by shaking with chalk or fatty oil |
| decarboxylate | Lose a carboxyl group |
| decarboxylate | Remove a carboxyl group from (a chemical compound) |
| decompose, break up, break down | separate (substances) into constituent elements or parts |
| decomposition, decomposition reaction, chemical decomposition reaction | (chemistry) separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance |
| deglycerolize, deglycerolise | Remove from glycerol |
| demineralize, demineralise | Remove the minerals or salts from |
| denitrify | Remove nitrogen from |
| deoxidize, deoxidise, reduce | To remove oxygen from a compound, or cause to react with hydrogen or form a hydride, or to undergo an increase / increase / increase in the number of electrons |
| desorb | go away from the surface to which (a substance) is adsorbed |
| desorb | Remove from a surface on which it is adsorbed |
| detoxify, detoxicate | Remove poison from |
| dimorphism | (chemistry) the property of certain substances that enables them to exist in two distinct crystalline forms |
| displacement, displacement reaction | (chemistry) a reaction in which an elementary substance displaces and sets free a constituent element from a compound |
| dissociate | To undergo a reversible or temporary breakdown of a molecule into simpler molecules or atoms |
| dissociation | (chemistry) the temporary or reversible process in which a molecule or ion is broken down into smaller molecules or ions |
| distill, distil | Undergo the process of distillation |
| distill, extract, distil | extract by the process of distillation |
| distribution law | (chemistry) the total energy in an assembly of molecules is not distributed equally but is distributed around an average value according to a statistical distribution |
| electrolysis | (chemistry) a chemical decomposition reaction produced by passing an electric current through a solution containing ions |
| electronegativity, negativity | (chemistry) the tendency of an atom or radical to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond |
| emulsion | (chemistry) a colloid in which both phases are liquids / liquids |
| equilibrate | Bring to a chemical stasis or equilibrium |
| equilibrium constant | (chemistry) the ratio of concentrations when equilibrium is reached in a reversible reaction (when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction) |
| equilibrium law, law of chemical equilibrium | (chemistry) the principle that (at chemical equilibrium) in a reversible reaction the ratio of the rate of the forward reaction to the rate of the reverse reaction is a constant for that reaction |
| esterify | change (a compound) into an ester |
| ethereal | Of or containing or dissolved in ether |
| etherify | change into an ether |
| fluorocarbon | A halocarbon in which some hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine |
| formulate | Prepare according to a formula |
| foryml | (chemistry) the negative univalent acyl radical CHO that occurs in aldehydes |
| fractionate | Obtain by a fractional process |
| fractionate | separate into constituents or fractions containing concentrated constituents |
| free | unconstrained or not chemically bound in a molecule or not fixed and capable of relatively unrestricted motion |
| fullerene | A form of carbon having a large molecule consisting of an empty cage of sixty or more carbon atoms |
| glycerolize, glycerolise | place in glycerol |
| group, radical, chemical group | (chemistry) two or more atoms bound together as a single unit and forming part of a molecule |
| heavy | (physics, chemistry) being or containing an isotope with greater than average atomic mass or weight |
| hydrophilic | Having a strong affinity for water |
| hydrophobic | lacking affinity for water |
| hydrous, hydrated | Containing combined water (especially water of crystallization as in a hydrate) |
| imbibition | (chemistry) the absorption of a liquid / liquid by a solid or gel |
| inactive | (chemistry) not participating in a chemical reaction |
| include | add as part of something else |
| indicator | (chemistry) a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance |
| inert, indifferent, neutral | Having only a limited ability to react chemically |
| inhibit | Limit, block, or decrease the action or function of |
| inorganic | relating or belonging to the class of compounds not having a carbon basis |
| iodinating | combining or causing to combine with iodine |
| iodize, iodise | treat with iodine |
| isolate | Obtain in pure form |
| isomerize, isomerise | change into an isomer |
| isomerize, isomerise | Cause to change into an isomer |
| law of constant proportion, law of definite proportions | (chemistry) law stating that every pure substance always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions by weight |
| law of equivalent proportions, law of reciprocal proportions | (chemistry) law stating that the proportions in which two elements separately combine with a third element are also the proportions in which they combine together |
| law of mass action | (chemistry) the law that states the following principle |
| law of multiple proportions, Dalton's law | (chemistry) law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound the amounts of one of them that combines with a fixed amount of the other will exhibit a simple multiple relation |
| ligate | Bind chemically |
| light | (physics, chemistry) not having atomic weight greater than average |
| lipophilic, lipotropic | Having an affinity for lipids |
| long chain, long-chain molecule | (chemistry) a relatively long chain of atoms in a molecule |
| man-made, semisynthetic, synthetic | not of natural origin |
| membered | Having members |
| mercuric, mercurous | Of or containing mercury |
| migration | (chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule |
| mixture | (chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding) |
| molecular weight, relative molecular mass | (chemistry) the sum of the relative atomic masses of the constituent atoms of a molecule |
| molecule | (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound |
| monad | (chemistry) an atom having a valence of one |
| monovalent, univalent | Having a valence of 1 |
| moonshine | distill (alcohol) illegally |
| nitrate | treat with nitric acid, so as to change an organic compound into a nitrate |
| noncritical | not critical |
| oleophilic | Having a strong affinity for oils rather than water |
| organic | relating or belonging to the class of chemical compounds having a carbon basis |
| organic chemistry | The chemistry of compounds containing carbon (originally / originally defined as the chemistry of substances produced by living organisms but now extended to substances synthesized artificially) |
| osmosis | (biology, chemistry) diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal |
| oxidize, oxidise, oxidate | add oxygen to or combine with oxygen |
| pH, pH scale | (from potential of Hydrogen) the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration in gram atoms per liter |
| pentavalent | Having a valence of five |
| peptize, peptise | disperse in a medium into a colloidal state |
| periodic law, Mendeleev's law | (chemistry) the principle that chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers |
| periodic table | (chemistry) a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements according to atomic number as based on the periodic law |
| polymerize, polymerise | Undergo polymerization |
| polymerize, polymerise | Cause (a compound) to polymerize |
| polymorphism, pleomorphism | (chemistry) the existence of different kinds of crystal of the same chemical compound |
| polymorphous, polymorphic | relating to the crystallization of a compound in two or more different forms |
| polyvalence, polyvalency, multivalence, multivalency | (chemistry) the state of having a valence greater than two |
| polyvalent, multivalent | Having more than one valence, or having a valence of 3 or higher |
| preisolate | isolate beforehand |
| purify, sublimate, make pure, distill | Remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate through the process of distillation |
| rarefy, attenuate | weaken the consistency of (a chemical substance) |
| react | Undergo a chemical reaction |
| reactive | Participating readily in reactions |
| rectification | (chemistry) the process of refinement or purification of a substance by distillation |
| reform | Break up the molecules of |
| reform | produce by cracking |
| release, free, liberate | Release (gas or energy) as a result of a chemical reaction or physical decomposition |
| resublime | sublime (a compound) once again |
| resuspend | put back into suspension |
| reverse osmosis | (chemistry) a method of producing pure water |
| reversible | capable of assuming or producing either of two states |
| reversibly | In a reversible manner |
| rich | High in mineral content |
| saponify | convert into soap by hydrolizing an ester into an acid and alcohol as a result of treating it with an alkali |
| saponify | Become converted into soap by being hydrolized into an acid and alcohol as a result of being treated with an alkali |
| saturate | Cause (a chemical compound, vapour, solution, magnetic material) to unite with the greatest possible amount of another substance |
| saturated | Used especially of organic compounds |
| saturation point | (chemistry) the stage at which a substance will receive no more of another substance in solution or in a vapor |
| scavenge, clean | Remove unwanted substances from |
| sensitizer, sensitiser | (chemistry) a substance other than a catalyst that facilitates the start of a catalytic reaction |
| sequester | Undergo sequestration by forming a stable compound with an ion |
| solvate | Undergo solvation or convert into a solvate |
| solvate | Cause a solvation in (a substance) |
| sorb, take up | take up a liquid / liquid or a gas either by adsorption or by absorption |
| state of matter, state | (chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids / liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container) |
| stoichiometry | (chemistry) the relation between the quantities of substances that take part in a reaction or form a compound (typically a ratio of whole integers) |
| strip | remove a constituent from a liquid |
| sublimation | (chemistry) a change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid |
| sulfurette, sulphurette | combine with sulfur |
| supernatant | Of a liquid / liquid |
| suspend | Cause to be held in suspension in a fluid |
| technical-grade, technical grade | Containing small amounts of other chemicals, hence slightly impure |
| tetravalent | Haveing a valence of four |
| theory of dissociation, theory of electrolytic dissociation, Arrhenius theory of dissociation | (chemistry) theory that describes aqueous solutions in terms of acids (which dissociate to give hydrogen ions) and bases (which dissociate to give hydroxyl ions) |
| theory of indicators, Ostwald's theory of indicators | (chemistry) the theory that all indicators are either weak acids or weak bases in which the color of the ionized form is different from the color before dissociation |
| thoriate | impregnate with thorium oxide to increase thermionic emission |
| transaminate | Undergo transfer from one compound to another |
| transmute | Alter the nature of (elements) |
| trivalent | Having a valence of three |
| unreactive | (chemistry) not reacting chemically |
| unsaturated | Used of a compound (especially of carbon) containing atoms sharing more than one valence bond |
| valence, valency | (chemistry) a property of atoms or radicals |
| valent | (chemistry) having valence |
| volatile | Evaporating readily at normal temperatures and pressures |
| volatilize, volatilise | make volatile |
| Narrower | electrochemistry | Branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical action of electricity and the production of electricity by chemical reactions |
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| femtochemistry | The branch of chemistry that studies elementary (often very fast) chemical reactions as they occur |
| geochemistry | The chemistry of the earth's crust |
| immunochemistry, chemoimmunology | The field of chemistry concerned with chemical processes in immunology (such as chemical studies of antigens and antibodies) |
| inorganic chemistry | The chemistry of compounds that do not contain hydrocarbon radicals |
| organic chemistry | The chemistry of compounds containing carbon (originally / originally defined as the chemistry of substances produced by living organisms but now extended to substances synthesized artificially) |
| photochemistry | Branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical action of light |
| physical chemistry | The branch of chemistry dealing with the physical properties of chemical substances |
| radiochemistry, nuclear chemistry | The chemistry of radioactive substances |
| surface chemistry | The branch of chemistry that studies processes occurring at interfaces between phases (especially those between liquid and gas) |
| thermochemistry | The branch of chemistry that studies the relation between chemical action and the amount of heat absorbed / absorbed or generated |
| Broader | natural science | The sciences involved in the study of the physical world and its phenomena |
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| Spanish | química |
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| Catalan | química |
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