English > philosophy: 3 senses > noun 1, cognition| Meaning | A belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school. |
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| Synonyms | doctrine, philosophical system, school of thought, ism |
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| Narrower | Girondism | The doctrine of the Girondists |
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| Kabbalism, Cabalism | The doctrines of the Kabbalah |
| abolitionism | The doctrine that calls for the abolition of slavery |
| absolutism | The doctrine of an absolute being |
| amoralism | The doctrine that moral distinctions are invalid |
| animalism | The doctrine that human beings are purely animal in nature and lacking a spiritual nature |
| animism | The doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls |
| antiestablishmentarianism, antiestablishmentism | The doctrine of opposition to the social and political establishment |
| asceticism | The doctrine that through renunciation of worldly pleasures it is possible to achieve a high spiritual or intellectual state |
| contextualism | Any doctrine emphasizing the importance of the context in solving problems or establishing the meaning of terms |
| creationism | The literal belief in the account of Creation given in the Book of Genesis |
| creed, credo | Any system of principles / principles or beliefs |
| descriptivism | (linguistics) a doctrine supporting or promoting descriptive linguistics |
| descriptivism | (ethics) a doctrine holding that moral statements have a truth value |
| divine right, divine right of kings | The doctrine that kings derive their right to rule directly from God and are not accountable to their subjects |
| dogma | A doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative |
| dualism | The doctrine that reality consists of two basic opposing elements, often taken to be mind and matter (or mind and body), or good and evil |
| dynamism | Any of the various theories or doctrines or philosophical systems that attempt to explain the phenomena of the universe in terms of some immanent force or energy |
| egalitarianism, equalitarianism | The doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political and economic and social equality |
| epicureanism | A doctrine of hedonism that was defended by several ancient Greek philosophers |
| establishmentarianism, establishmentism | The doctrine of supporting the social or political establishment |
| ethicism | A doctrine that ethics and ethical ideas are valid and important |
| expansionism | The doctrine of expanding the territory or the economic influence of a country |
| feminism | A doctrine that advocates equal rights for women |
| formalism | The doctrine that formal structure rather than content is what should be represented |
| functionalism | Any doctrine that stresses utility or purpose |
| gospel | A doctrine that is believed to be of great importance |
| gymnosophy | The doctrine of a sect of Hindu philosophers who practiced nudity and asceticism and meditation / meditation |
| humanism, secular humanism | The doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason |
| humanitarianism, humanism | The doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare |
| imitation | The doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations |
| individualism, laissez faire | The doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs |
| internationalism | The doctrine that nations should cooperate because their common interests are more important than their differences |
| irredentism, irridentism | The doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related |
| literalism | The doctrine of realistic (literal) portrayal in art or literature |
| majority rule, democracy | The doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group |
| millennium | (New Testament) in Revelations it is foretold that those faithful to Jesus will reign with Jesus over the earth for a thousand years |
| monism | The doctrine that reality consists of a single basic substance or element |
| multiculturalism | The doctrine that several different cultures (rather than one national culture) can coexist peacefully and equitably in a single country |
| nationalism | The doctrine that your national culture and interests are superior to any other |
| nationalism | The doctrine that nations should act independently (rather than collectively) to attain their goals |
| nihilism | A revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sake |
| nuclear deterrence | The military doctrine that an enemy / enemy will be deterred from using nuclear weapons as long as he can be destroyed as a consequence |
| pacifism, pacificism, passivism | The doctrine that all violence is unjustifiable |
| phenomenology | A philosophical doctrine proposed by Edmund Husserl based on the study of human experience in which considerations of objective reality are not taken into account |
| philosophical doctrine, philosophical theory | A doctrine accepted by adherents to a philosophy |
| pluralism | The doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements |
| populism | The political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite |
| prescriptivism | (linguistics) a doctrine supporting or promoting prescriptive linguistics |
| prescriptivism | (ethics) a doctrine holding that moral statements prescribe appropriate attitudes and behavior |
| presentism | The doctrine that the Scripture prophecies of the Apocalypse (as in the Book of Revelations) are presently in the course of being fulfilled |
| rationalism, freethinking | The doctrine that reason is the right basis for regulating conduct |
| reformism | A doctrine of reform |
| reincarnationism | A doctrine that on the death of the body the soul migrates to or is born again in another body |
| religious doctrine, church doctrine, gospel, creed | The written body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group |
| secessionism | A doctrine that maintains the right of secession |
| secularism | A doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations |
| states' rights | A doctrine that federal powers should be curtailed and returned to the individual states |
| teaching, precept, commandment | A doctrine that is taught |
| theological doctrine | The doctrine of a religious group |
| unilateralism | The doctrine that nations should conduct their foreign / foreign affairs individualistically without the advice or involvement of other nations |
| utilitarianism | doctrine that the useful is the good |
| Broader | belief | Any cognitive content held as true |
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| Spanish | doctrina, escuela de pensamiento, filosofía, ismo |
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| Catalan | doctrina, escola de pensament, filosofia |
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| Adjectives | philosophical | of or relating to philosophy or philosophers |
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| Nouns | philosopher | a wise / wise person who is calm and rational |
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English > philosophy: 3 senses > noun 2, cognition| Meaning | The rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics. |
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| Category of | Aristotelianism, peripateticism | (philosophy) the philosophy of Aristotle that deals with logic and metaphysics and ethics and poetics and politics and natural science |
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| Platonism, realism | (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that abstract concepts exist independent of their names |
| Stoicism | (philosophy) the philosophical system of the Stoics following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno |
| aesthetic, esthetic | (philosophy) a philosophical theory as to what is beautiful |
| deconstruction, deconstructionism | A philosophical theory of criticism (usually of literature or film) that seeks to expose deep-seated contradictions in a work by delving below its surface meaning / meaning |
| determinism | (philosophy) a philosophical theory holding that all events are inevitable consequences of antecedent sufficient causes |
| dianoetic, discursive | proceeding to a conclusion by reason or argument rather than intuition |
| empiricism, empiricist philosophy, sensationalism | (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge derives from experience |
| existentialism, existential philosophy, existentialist philosophy | (philosophy) a 20th-century philosophical movement chiefly in Europe |
| final cause | (philosophy) the end or purpose of a thing or process |
| formalism | (philosophy) the philosophical theory that formal (logical or mathematical) statements have no meaning / meaning but that its symbols (regarded as physical entities) exhibit a form that has useful applications |
| idealism | (philosophy) the philosophical theory that ideas are the only reality |
| immanent, subjective | Of a mental act performed entirely / entirely within the mind |
| intuitionism | (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is acquired primarily by intuition |
| logicism | (philosophy) the philosophical theory that all of mathematics can be derived from formal logic |
| materialism, physicalism | (philosophy) the philosophical theory that matter is the only reality |
| mechanism | (philosophy) the philosophical theory that all phenomena can be explained in terms of physical or biological causes |
| mentalism | (philosophy) a doctrine that mind is the true reality and that objects exist only as aspects of the mind's awareness |
| nativism | (philosophy) the philosophical theory that some ideas are innate |
| naturalism | (philosophy) the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations |
| nominalism | (philosophy) the doctrine that the various objects labeled by the same term have nothing in common but their name |
| operationalism | (philosophy) the doctrine that the meaning / meaning of a proposition consists of the operations involved in proving or applying it |
| philosopher | A specialist in philosophy |
| pragmatism | (philosophy) the doctrine that practical consequences are the criteria of knowledge and meaning and value |
| presentational | Of or relating to a presentation (especially in psychology or philosophy) |
| probabilism | (philosophy) the doctrine that (since certainty is unattainable) probability is a sufficient basis for belief and action |
| rationalism | (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is acquired by reason without resort / resort to experience |
| realism, naive realism | (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that physical objects continue to exist when not perceived |
| relativism | (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that all criteria of judgment are relative to the individuals and situations involved |
| semiotics, semiology | (philosophy) a philosophical theory of the functions of signs and symbols |
| sensualism, sensationalism | (philosophy) the ethical doctrine that feeling is the only criterion for what is good |
| solipsism | (philosophy) the philosophical theory that the self is all that you know to exist |
| subjectivism | (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge and value are dependent on and limited by your subjective experience |
| teleology | (philosophy) a doctrine explaining phenomena by their ends or purposes |
| transeunt, transient | Of a mental act |
| vitalism | (philosophy) a doctrine that life is a vital principle distinct / distinct from physics and chemistry |
| Narrower | aesthetics, esthetics | (art) the branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste (emphasizing the evaluative criteria that are applied to art) |
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| axiology | The study of values and value judgments |
| dialectic | Any formal system of reasoning that arrives at the truth by the exchange of logical arguments |
| epistemology | The philosophical theory of knowledge |
| ethics, moral philosophy | The philosophical study of moral values and rules |
| etiology, aetiology | The philosophical study of causation |
| jurisprudence, law, legal philosophy | The branch of philosophy concerned with the law and the principles that lead courts to make the decisions they do |
| logic | The branch of philosophy that analyzes inference |
| metaphysics | The philosophical study of being and knowing |
| transcendentalism, transcendental philosophy | Any system of philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical and material |
| Broader | humanistic discipline, humanities, liberal arts, arts | studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills) |
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| Spanish | filosofía |
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| Catalan | filosofía, filosofia |
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| Adjectives | philosophic, philosophical | of or relating to philosophy or philosophers |
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| philosophical | characterized by the attitude of a philosopher |
| Nouns | philosopher | a specialist in philosophy |
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| philosopher | a wise / wise person who is calm and rational |
| Verbs | philosophize, philosophise | reason philosophically |
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