English > philosopher: 2 senses > noun 1, person | Meaning | A specialist in philosophy. |
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| Category | philosophy | The rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics |
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| Instances | Abelard, Peter Abelard, Pierre Abelard | French philosopher and theologian |
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| Anaxagoras | A presocratic Athenian philosopher who maintained that everything is composed of very small particles that were arranged by some eternal intelligence (500-428 BC) |
| Anaximander | A presocratic Greek philosopher and student of Thales who believed the universal substance to be infinity rather than something resembling ordinary objects (611-547 BC) |
| Anaximenes | A presocratic Greek philosopher and associate of Anaximander who believed that all things are made of air in different degrees of density / density (6th century BC) |
| Arendt, Hannah Arendt | United States historian and political philosopher (born in Germany) (1906-1975) |
| Aristotle | One of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers |
| Averroes, ibn-Roshd, Abul-Walid Mohammed ibn-Ahmad Ibn-Mohammed ibn-Roshd | Arabian philosopher born in Spain |
| Avicenna, ibn-Sina, Abu Ali al-Husain ibn Abdallah ibn Sina | Arabian physician and influential Islamic philosopher |
| Bacon, Francis Bacon, Sir Francis Bacon, Baron Verulam, 1st Baron Verulam, Viscount St. Albans | English statesman and philosopher |
| Bentham, Jeremy Bentham | English philosopher and jurist |
| Bergson, Henri Bergson, Henri Louis Bergson | French philosopher who proposed elan vital as the cause of evolution and development (1859-1941) |
| Berkeley, Bishop Berkeley, George Berkeley | Irish philosopher and Anglican bishop who opposed the materialism of Thomas Hobbes (1685-1753) |
| Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius | A Roman who was an early Christian philosopher and statesman who was executed for treason |
| Bruno, Giordano Bruno | Italian philosopher who used Copernican principles to develop a pantheistic monistic philosophy |
| Buber, Martin Buber | Israeli religious philosopher (born in Austria) |
| Cassirer, Ernst Cassirer | German philosopher concerned with concept formation in the human mind and with symbolic forms in human culture generally (1874-1945) |
| Cleanthes | ancient Greek philosopher who succeeded Zeno of Citium as the leader of the Stoic school (300-232 BC) |
| Comte, Auguste Comte, Isidore Auguste Marie Francois Comte | French philosopher remembered as the founder of positivism |
| Condorcet, Marquis de Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat | French mathematician and philosopher (1743-1794) |
| Confucius, Kongfuze, K'ung Futzu, Kong the Master | Chinese philosopher whose ideas / ideas and sayings were collected after his death and became the basis of a philosophical doctrine known a Confucianism (circa 551-478 BC) |
| Democritus | Greek philosopher who developed an atomistic theory of matter (460-370 BC) |
| Derrida, Jacques Derrida | French philosopher and critic (born in Algeria) |
| Descartes, Rene Descartes | French philosopher and mathematician |
| Dewey, John Dewey | United States pragmatic philosopher who advocated progressive education (1859-1952) |
| Diderot, Denis Diderot | French philosopher who was a leading figure of the Enlightenment in France |
| Dietrich, Paul Heinrich Dietrich, Thiry, Paul-Henri Thiry, d'Holbach, baron d'Holbach | French philosopher (born in Germany) famous as being one of the first self-described atheists in Europe |
| Diogenes | An ancient Greek philosopher and Cynic who rejected social conventions (circa 400-325 BC) |
| Empedocles | Greek philosopher who taught that all matter is composed of particles of fire and water and air and earth (fifth century BC) |
| Epictetus | Greek philosopher who was a Stoic (circa 50-130) |
| Epicurus | Greek philosopher who believed that the world is a random combination of atoms and that pleasure is the highest good (341-270 BC) |
| Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich Haeckel | German biologist and philosopher |
| Hartley, David Hartley | English philosopher who introduced the theory of the association / association of ideas (1705-1757) |
| Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | German philosopher whose three stage process of dialectical reasoning was adopted by Karl Marx (1770-1831) |
| Heraclitus | A presocratic Greek philosopher who said that fire is the origin / origin of all things and that permanence is an illusion as all things are in perpetual flux (circa 500 BC) |
| Herbart, Johann Friedrich Herbart | German philosopher (1776-1841) |
| Herder, Johann Gottfried von Herder | German philosopher who advocated intuition over reason (1744-1803) |
| Hobbes, Thomas Hobbes | English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679) |
| Hume, David Hume | Scottish philosopher whose sceptical philosophy restricted human knowledge to that which can be perceived by the senses (1711-1776) |
| Husserl, Edmund Husserl | German philosopher who developed phenomenology (1859-1938) |
| Hypatia | Greek philosopher and astronomer |
| James, William James | United States pragmatic philosopher and psychologist (1842-1910) |
| Kant, Immanuel Kant | influential German idealist philosopher (1724-1804) |
| Kierkegaard, Soren Kierkegaard, Soren Aabye Kierkegaard | Danish philosopher who is generally considered. along with Nietzsche, to be a founder of existentialism (1813-1855) |
| Lao-tzu, Lao-tse, Lao-zi | Chinese philosopher regarded as the founder of Taoism (6th century BC) |
| Leibniz, Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz | German philosopher and mathematician who thought of the universe as consisting of independent monads and who devised a system of the calculus independent of Newton (1646-1716) |
| Locke, John Locke | English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704) |
| Lucretius, Titus Lucretius Carus | Roman philosopher and poet |
| Lully, Raymond Lully, Ramon Lully | Spanish philosopher (1235-1315) |
| Mach, Ernst Mach | Austrian physicist and philosopher who introduced the Mach number and who founded logical positivism (1838-1916) |
| Machiavelli, Niccolo Machiavelli | A statesman of Florence who advocated a strong central government (1469-1527) |
| Maimonides, Moses Maimonides, Rabbi Moses Ben Maimon | Spanish philosopher considered the greatest Jewish scholar of the Middle Ages who codified Jewish law in the Talmud (1135-1204) |
| Malebranche, Nicolas de Malebranche | French philosopher (1638-1715) |
| Marcuse, Herbert Marcuse | United States political philosopher (born in Germany) concerned about the dehumanizing effects of capitalism and modern technology (1898-1979) |
| Marx, Karl Marx | founder of modern communism |
| Mead, George Herbert Mead | United States philosopher of pragmatism (1863-1931) |
| Mill, John Mill, John Stuart Mill | English philosopher and economist remembered for his interpretations of empiricism and utilitarianism (1806-1873) |
| Mill, James Mill | Scottish philosopher who expounded Bentham's utilitarianism |
| Montesquieu, Baron de la Brede et de Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat | French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755) |
| Moore, G. E. Moore, George Edward Moore | English philosopher (1873-1958) |
| Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche | influential German philosopher remembered for his concept of the superman and for his rejection of Christian values |
| Occam, William of Occam, Ockham, William of Ockham | English scholastic philosopher and assumed author of Occam's Razor (1285-1349) |
| Origen | Greek philosopher and theologian who reinterpreted Christian doctrine through the philosophy of Neoplatonism |
| Ortega y Gasset, Jose Ortega y Gasset | Spanish philosopher who advocated leadership / leadership by an intellectual elite (1883-1955) |
| Parmenides | A presocratic Greek philosopher born in Italy |
| Pascal, Blaise Pascal | French mathematician and philosopher and Jansenist |
| Peirce, Charles Peirce, Charles Sanders Peirce | United States philosopher and logician |
| Perry, Ralph Barton Perry | United States philosopher (1876-1957) |
| Plato | ancient Athenian philosopher |
| Plotinus | Roman philosopher (born in Egypt) who was the leading representative of Neoplatonism (205-270) |
| Pythagoras | Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem |
| Quine, W. V. Quine, Willard Van Orman Quine | United States philosopher and logician who championed an empirical view of knowledge that depended on language (1908-2001) |
| Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan | Indian philosopher and statesman who introduced Indian philosophy to the West (1888-1975) |
| Reid, Thomas Reid | Scottish philosopher of common sense who opposed the ideas of David Hume (1710-1796) |
| Rousseau, Jean-Jacques Rousseau | French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland |
| Russell, Bertrand Russell, Bertrand Arthur William Russell, Earl Russell | English philosopher and mathematician who collaborated with Whitehead (1872-1970) |
| Schopenhauer, Arthur Schopenhauer | German pessimist philosopher (1788-1860) |
| Schweitzer, Albert Schweitzer | French philosopher and physician and organist who spent most of his life as a medical missionary / missionary in Gabon (1875-1965) |
| Seneca, Lucius Annaeus Seneca | Roman statesman and philosopher who was an advisor to Nero |
| Socrates | ancient Athenian philosopher |
| Spencer, Herbert Spencer | English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903) |
| Spengler, Oswald Spengler | German philosopher who argued that cultures grow and decay in cycles (1880-1936) |
| Spinoza, de Spinoza, Baruch de Spinoza, Benedict de Spinoza | Dutch philosopher who espoused a pantheistic system (1632-1677) |
| Steiner, Rudolf Steiner | Austrian philosopher who founded anthroposophy (1861-1925) |
| Stewart, Dugald Stewart | Scottish philosopher and follower of Thomas Reid (1753-1828) |
| Tagore, Rabindranath Tagore, Sir Rabindranath Tagore | Indian writer and philosopher whose poetry (based on traditional Hindu themes) pioneered the use of colloquial Bengali (1861-1941) |
| Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin | French paleontologist and philosopher (1881-1955) |
| Thales, Thales of Miletus | A presocratic Greek philosopher and astronomer (who predicted an eclipse in 585 BC) who was said by Aristotle to be the founder of physical science |
| Theophrastus | Greek philosopher who was a student of Aristotle and who succeeded Aristotle as the leader of the Peripatetics (371-287 BC) |
| Weil, Simone Weil | French philosopher (1909-1943) |
| Whitehead, Alfred North Whitehead | English philosopher and mathematician who collaborated with Bertrand Russell (1861-1947) |
| Williams, Sir Bernard Williams, Bernard Arthur Owen Williams | English philosopher credited with reviving the field of moral philosophy (1929-2003) |
| Wittgenstein, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Ludwig Josef Johan Wittgenstein | British philosopher born in Austria |
| Xenophanes | Greek philosopher (560-478 BC) |
| Zeno, Zeno of Citium | ancient Greek philosopher who founded the Stoic school (circa 335-263 BC) |
| Zeno, Zeno of Elea | ancient Greek philosopher who formulated paradoxes that defended the belief that motion and change are illusory (circa 495-430 BC) |
| Narrower | Cynic | A member of a group of ancient Greek philosophers who advocated the doctrine that virtue is the only good and that the essence of virtue is self-control |
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| Popper, Karl Popper, Sir Karl Raimund Popper | British philosopher (born in Austria) who argued that scientific theories can never be proved to be true, but are tested by attempts to falsify them (1902-1994) |
| Scholastic | A Scholastic philosopher or theologian |
| Sophist | Any of a group of Greek philosophers and teachers in the 5th century BC who speculated on a wide range of subjects |
| Stoic | A member of the ancient Greek school of philosophy founded by Zeno |
| eclectic, eclecticist | someone who selects according to the eclectic method |
| empiricist | A philosopher who subscribes to empiricism |
| epistemologist | A specialist in epistemology |
| esthetician, aesthetician | A philosopher who specializes in the nature of beauty |
| ethicist, ethician | A philosopher who specializes in ethics |
| existentialist, existentialist philosopher, existential philosopher | A philosopher who emphasizes freedom of choice and personal responsibility but who regards human existence in a hostile universe as unexplainable |
| gymnosophist | Member of a Hindu sect practicing gymnosophy (especially nudism) |
| libertarian | someone who believes the doctrine of free will |
| mechanist | A philosopher who subscribes to the doctrine of mechanism |
| moralist | A philosopher who specializes in morals and moral problems |
| nativist | A philosopher who subscribes to nativism |
| naturalist | An advocate of the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific / scientific terms |
| necessitarian | someone who does not believe the doctrine of free will |
| nominalist | A philosopher who has adopted the doctrine of nominalism |
| pluralist | A philosopher who believes that no single explanation can account for all the phenomena of nature |
| pre-Socratic | Any philosopher who lived before Socrates |
| realist | A philosopher who believes that universals are real and exist independently of anyone thinking of them |
| transcendentalist | advocate of transcendentalism |
| yogi | One who practices yoga and has achieved a high level of spiritual insight |
| Broader | scholar, scholarly person, bookman, student | A learned person (especially in the humanities) |
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| Spanish | filósofa, filósofo |
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| Catalan | filòsof |
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| Adjectives | philosophic | of or relating to philosophy or philosophers |
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| Nouns | philosophy | the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics |
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