English > philosophical theory: 1 sense > noun 1, cognition| Meaning | A doctrine accepted by adherents to a philosophy. |
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| Synonym | philosophical doctrine |
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| Narrower | Aristotelianism, peripateticism | (philosophy) the philosophy of Aristotle that deals with logic and metaphysics and ethics and poetics and politics and natural science |
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| Confucianism | The teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity |
| Neoplatonism | A system of philosophical and theological doctrines composed of elements of Platonism and Aristotelianism and oriental mysticism |
| Platonism, realism | (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that abstract concepts exist independent of their names |
| Scholasticism | The system of philosophy dominant in medieval Europe |
| Stoicism | (philosophy) the philosophical system of the Stoics following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno |
| Taoism, Daoism | philosophical system developed by Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events |
| aesthetic, esthetic | (philosophy) a philosophical theory as to what is beautiful |
| conceptualism | The doctrine that the application of a general term to various objects indicates the existence of a mental entity that mediates the application |
| deconstruction, deconstructionism | A philosophical theory of criticism (usually of literature or film) that seeks to expose deep-seated contradictions in a work by delving below its surface meaning / meaning |
| determinism | (philosophy) a philosophical theory holding that all events are inevitable consequences of antecedent sufficient causes |
| empiricism, empiricist philosophy, sensationalism | (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge derives from experience |
| environmentalism | The philosophical doctrine that environment is more important than heredity in determining intellectual growth |
| existentialism, existential philosophy, existentialist philosophy | (philosophy) a 20th-century philosophical movement chiefly in Europe |
| formalism | (philosophy) the philosophical theory that formal (logical or mathematical) statements have no meaning / meaning but that its symbols (regarded as physical entities) exhibit a form that has useful applications |
| hereditarianism | The philosophical doctrine that heredity is more important than environment in determining intellectual growth |
| idealism | (philosophy) the philosophical theory that ideas are the only reality |
| intuitionism | (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is acquired primarily by intuition |
| logicism | (philosophy) the philosophical theory that all of mathematics can be derived from formal logic |
| materialism, physicalism | (philosophy) the philosophical theory that matter is the only reality |
| mechanism | (philosophy) the philosophical theory that all phenomena can be explained in terms of physical or biological causes |
| mentalism | (philosophy) a doctrine that mind is the true reality and that objects exist only as aspects of the mind's awareness |
| nativism | (philosophy) the philosophical theory that some ideas are innate |
| naturalism | (philosophy) the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations |
| nominalism | (philosophy) the doctrine that the various objects labeled by the same term have nothing in common but their name |
| operationalism | (philosophy) the doctrine that the meaning / meaning of a proposition consists of the operations involved in proving or applying it |
| pragmatism | (philosophy) the doctrine that practical consequences are the criteria of knowledge and meaning and value |
| probabilism | (philosophy) the doctrine that (since certainty is unattainable) probability is a sufficient basis for belief and action |
| rationalism | (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge is acquired by reason without resort / resort to experience |
| realism, naive realism | (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that physical objects continue to exist when not perceived |
| relativism | (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that all criteria of judgment are relative to the individuals and situations involved |
| semiotics, semiology | (philosophy) a philosophical theory of the functions of signs and symbols |
| sensualism, sensationalism | (philosophy) the ethical doctrine that feeling is the only criterion for what is good |
| solipsism | (philosophy) the philosophical theory that the self is all that you know to exist |
| subjectivism | (philosophy) the doctrine that knowledge and value are dependent on and limited by your subjective experience |
| teleology | (philosophy) a doctrine explaining phenomena by their ends or purposes |
| traditionalism | The doctrine that all knowledge was originally / originally derived by divine revelation and that it is transmitted by traditions |
| vitalism | (philosophy) a doctrine that life is a vital principle distinct / distinct from physics and chemistry |
| Broader | doctrine, philosophy, philosophical system, school of thought, ism | A belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school |
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| Spanish | doctrina filosófica, teoría filosófica |
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| Catalan | doctrina filosòfica, teoria filosòfica |
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