| VERB | competition | hold back, check, turn back, arrest, stop, contain | hold back, as of a danger or an enemy |
|---|---|---|---|
| stative | hold back, forbear | refrain from doing | |
| stative | hold back, wait, hold off | wait before acting | |
| possession | hold back, retain, hold, keep back | secure and keep for possible future use or application | |
| perception | hold back, conceal, hold in | hold back | |
| change | hold back, restrain, keep, keep back | keep under control |
| Meaning | hold back, as of a danger or an enemy; check the expansion or influence of. | |
|---|---|---|
| Pattern | Somebody ----s something; Somebody ----s somebody; Something ----s somebody; Something ----s something | |
| Synonyms | check, turn back, arrest, stop, contain | |
| Narrower | cut down, cut out | intercept (a player) |
| Broader | defend | Be on the defensive |
| See also | hold | keep in a certain state, position, or activity |
| Spanish | contener, parar | |
| Catalan | parar | |
| Meaning | Refrain from doing. | |
|---|---|---|
| Pattern | Somebody ----s | |
| Synonym | forbear | |
| Broader | refrain, forbear | Resist doing something |
| Meaning | wait before acting. | |
|---|---|---|
| Pattern | Somebody ----s; Somebody ----s something; Somebody ----s VERB-ing | |
| Model | They hold back a long time | |
| Synonyms | wait, hold off | |
| Narrower | delay | Act later than planned, scheduled, or required |
| hold out | wait uncompromisingly for something desirable | |
| Broader | act, move | Perform an action, or work out or perform (an action) |
| Spanish | aguardar, esperar | |
| Catalan | esperar | |
| Meaning | Secure and keep for possible future use or application. | |
|---|---|---|
| Pattern | Somebody ----s something | |
| Model | They hold back the money | |
| Synonyms | retain, hold, keep back | |
| Narrower | hold down | Keep |
| Broader | keep, hold on | Retain possession of |
| Spanish | detentar, retener | |
| Meaning | hold back; keep from being perceived by others. | |
|---|---|---|
| Pattern | Somebody ----s something | |
| Synonyms | conceal, hold in | |
| Narrower | occult | hide from view |
| Spanish | encubrir, esconder, ocultar, tapar | |
| Catalan | amagar, encobrir, ocultar, tapar | |
| Meaning | Keep under control; keep in check. | |
|---|---|---|
| Pattern | Somebody ----s something; Somebody ----s something PP | |
| Synonyms | restrain, keep, keep back | |
| Narrower | baffle, regulate | check the emission of (sound) |
| confine | prevent from leaving or from being removed | |
| control, hold in, hold, contain, check, curb, moderate | lessen the intensity of | |
| hold | Keep from exhaling or expelling | |
| rule, harness, rein | Keep in check | |
| swallow | Keep from expressing | |
| wink, blink, blink away | Force to go away by blinking | |
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