English > linguistics: 2 senses > noun 1, cognition| Meaning | The scientific study of language. |
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| Category of | Modern, New | Used of a living language |
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| New | in use after medieval times |
| Old | Of a very early stage / stage in development |
| ablative | relating to the ablative case |
| acceptable | judged to be in conformity with approved usage |
| allophone | (linguistics) any of various acoustically different forms of the same phoneme |
| analytic, uninflected | Expressing a grammatical category by using two or more words rather than inflection |
| animate | Belonging to the class of nouns that denote living beings |
| aphaeresis, apheresis | (linguistics) omission at the beginning of a word as in 'coon' for 'raccoon' or 'till' for 'until' |
| aspectual | Of or belonging to an aspect (as an aspect of the verb) |
| autosemantic | Of a word or phrase meaningful in isolation, independent of context |
| bad | nonstandard |
| cacuminal, retroflex | pronounced with the tip of the tongue turned back toward the hard palate |
| cognate | Having the same ancestral language |
| complementary distribution, complementation | (linguistics) a distribution of related speech sounds or forms in such a way that they only appear in different contexts |
| derivative | (linguistics) a word that is derived from another word |
| descriptive | describing the structure of a language |
| descriptive grammar | A grammar that is produced by descriptive linguistics |
| descriptivism | (linguistics) a doctrine supporting or promoting descriptive linguistics |
| early | Of an early stage in the development of a language or literature |
| etymologize, etymologise | Construct the history of words |
| feature of speech, feature | (linguistics) a distinctive characteristic of a linguistic unit that serves to distinguish it from other units of the same kind |
| form, word form, signifier, descriptor | The phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something |
| generative grammar | (linguistics) a type of grammar that describes syntax in terms of a set of logical rules that can generate all and only the infinite number of grammatical sentences in a language and assigns them all the correct structural description |
| grammar | The branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics) |
| homophonous | Characteristic of the phenomenon of words of different origins that are pronounced the same way |
| inanimate | Belonging to the class of nouns denoting nonliving things |
| inflected | showing alteration in form (especially by the addition of affixes) |
| late | Of a later stage / stage in the development of a language or literature |
| linguistic competence | (linguistics) a speaker's implicit, internalized knowledge of the rules of their language (contrasted with linguistic performance) |
| linguistic performance | (linguistics) a speaker's actual use of language in real situations |
| linguistic process | A process involved in human language |
| middle | Of a stage / stage in the development of a language or literature between earlier and later stages |
| morphophoneme | (linguistics) the phonemes (or strings of phonemes) that constitute the various allomorphs of a morpheme |
| nonstandard | not conforming to the language usage of a prestige group within a community |
| obscure | Reduce a vowel to a neutral one, such as a schwa |
| phoneme | (linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language |
| phonology, phonemics | The study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and classification of its phonemes |
| phylum | (linguistics) a large group of languages that are historically related |
| polyphonic | Having two or more phonetic values |
| postposition | (linguistics) the placing of one linguistic element after another (as placing a modifier after the word that it modifies in a sentence or placing an affix after the base to which it is attached) |
| preposition | (linguistics) the placing of one linguistic element before another (as placing a modifier before the word it modifies in a sentence or placing an affix before the base to which it is attached) |
| prepositional | Of or relating to or formed with a preposition |
| prescriptive grammar | A grammar that is produced by prescriptive linguistics |
| prescriptivism | (linguistics) a doctrine supporting or promoting prescriptive linguistics |
| radical | Of or relating to or constituting / constituting a linguistic root |
| reduce | destress and thus weaken a sound when pronouncing it |
| reduplicate, geminate | form by reduplication |
| root, root word, base, stem, theme, radical | (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed |
| rule, linguistic rule | (linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice |
| segmental | divided or organized into speech segments or isolable speech sounds |
| semantic role, participant role | (linguistics) the underlying relation that a constituent has with the main verb in a clause |
| sign | A fundamental linguistic unit linking a signifier to that which is signified |
| standard, received | conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers |
| suprasegmental | pertaining to a feature of speech that extends over more than a single speech sound |
| synsemantic | Of a word or phrase meaningful only when it occurs in the company of other words |
| syntax | studies of the rules for forming admissible sentences |
| syntax, sentence structure, phrase structure | The grammatical arrangement of words in sentences |
| synthetic | Systematic combining of root and modifying elements into single words |
| tone | (linguistics) a pitch or change in pitch of the voice that serves to distinguish words in tonal languages |
| topicalization | (linguistics) emphasis placed on the topic or focus of a sentence by preposing it to the beginning of the sentence |
| topicalize | emphasize by putting heavy stress on or by moving to the front of the sentence |
| unacceptable, unaccepted | not conforming to standard usage |
| uninflected | not inflected |
| universal, linguistic universal | (linguistics) a grammatical rule (or other linguistic feature) that is found in all languages |
| vocative | relating to a case used in some languages |
| voice | (linguistics) the grammatical relation (active or passive) of the grammatical subject of a verb to the action that the verb denotes |
| Part of | cognitive science | The field of science concerned with cognition |
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| Narrower | computational linguistics | The use of computers for linguistic research and applications |
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| descriptive linguistics | A description (at a given point in time) of a language with respect to its phonology and morphology / morphology and syntax / syntax and semantics without value judgments |
| dialect geography, linguistic geography | The study of the geographical distribution of linguistic features |
| etymology | The study of the sources and development of words |
| historical linguistics, diachronic linguistics, diachrony | The study of linguistic change |
| neurolinguistics | The branch of linguistics that studies the relation between language and the structure and function of the nervous system |
| pragmatics | The study of language use |
| prescriptive linguistics | An account of how a language should be used instead of how it is actually used |
| semantics | The study of language meaning / meaning |
| sociolinguistics | The study of language in relation to its sociocultural context |
| structuralism, structural linguistics | linguistics defined as the analysis / analysis of formal structures in a text or discourse |
| synchronic linguistics | The study of a language without reference to its historical context |
| Broader | science, scientific discipline | A particular branch of scientific knowledge |
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| Spanish | linguística, lingüística |
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| Catalan | lingüística |
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| Adjectives | linguistic | of or relating to the scientific study of language |
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| Nouns | linguist | a specialist in linguistics |
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