English > enzyme: 1 sense > noun 1, substance| Meaning | Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions. |
|---|
| Parts | active site | The part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs |
|---|
| Narrower | adenosine deaminase, ADA | An enzyme found in mammals that can catalyze the deamination of adenosine into inosine and ammonia |
|---|
| amylase | Any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants |
| catalase | enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst |
| cholinesterase | An enzyme that hydrolyses acetylcholine (into choline and acetic acid) |
| coagulase | An enzyme that induces coagulation |
| collagenase | Any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of collagen and gelatin |
| complement | One of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response |
| cyclooxygenase, Cox | Either of two related enzymes that control the production of prostaglandins and are blocked by aspirin |
| de-iodinase | An enzyme that removes the iodine radical |
| decarboxylase | Any of the enzymes that hydrolize the carboxyl group |
| disaccharidase | An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of disaccharides into monosaccharides |
| elastase | A pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of elastin |
| enterokinase | enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin |
| histaminase | enzyme that acts as a catalyst in converting histidine to histamine |
| hyaluronidase, spreading factor, Hyazyme | An enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids |
| isomerase | An enzyme that catalyzes its substrate to an isomeric form |
| kinase | An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme |
| lipase | An enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream |
| lysozyme, muramidase | An enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria |
| monoamine oxidase, MAO | An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of many body compounds (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine and serotonin) |
| nitrogenase | An enzyme of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that catalyzes the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia |
| nuclease | general term for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleic acid by cleaving chains of nucleotides into smaller units |
| oxidase | Any of the enzymes that catalyze biological oxidation |
| oxidoreductase | An enzyme that catalyzes oxidation-reduction |
| papain | A proteolytic enzyme obtained from the unripe papaya |
| penicillinase, beta-lactamase | enzyme produced by certain bacteria that inactivates penicillin and results in resistance to that antibiotic |
| pepsin | An enzyme produced in the stomach that splits proteins into peptones |
| pepsinogen | Precursor of pepsin |
| phosphatase | Any of a group of enzymes that act as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of organic phosphates |
| plasmin, fibrinolysin | An enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots |
| polymerase | An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of new DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNA |
| protease, peptidase, proteinase, proteolytic enzyme | Any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis |
| reductase | An enzyme that catalyses the biochemical reduction of some specified substance |
| rennin, chymosin | An enzyme that occurs in gastric juice |
| secretase | A set of enzymes believed to snip pieces off a longer protein producing fragments of amyloid protein that bunch ... / bunch up and create amyloid protein plaques in brain tissue (the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's) |
| streptodornase | An enzyme produced by some hemolytic strains of streptococcus that dissolves fibrinous secretions from infections |
| streptokinase | An enzyme produced by some strains of streptococcus that can liquefy blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin |
| superoxide dismutase, SOD | An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen |
| telomerase | An enzyme in eukaryotic cells that can add telomeres to the ends of chromosomes after they divide |
| transferase | Any of various enzymes that move a chemical group from one compound to another compound |
| trypsin | An enzyme of pancreatic origin |
| urease | An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia |
| zymase | A complex of enzymes that cause glycolysis |
| Broader | catalyst, accelerator | (chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected |
|---|
| protein | Any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells |
| Spanish | enzima, enzimas |
|---|
| Catalan | enzim |
|---|
| Adjectives | enzymatic | of or relating to or produced by an enzyme |
|---|
| nonenzymatic | not relating to or produced by enzymes |
| zymoid | resembling an enzyme |
