English > biology: 3 senses > noun 1, cognition| Meaning | The science that studies living organisms. |
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| Synonym | biological science |
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| Category of | abaxial, dorsal | facing away from the axis of an organ or organism |
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| accretion | (biology) growth by addition as by the adhesion of parts or particles |
| acephalous | lacking a head or a clearly defined head |
| actinomorphic, actinomorphous | capable of division into symmetrical halves by any longitudinal plane passing through the axis |
| activator | (biology) any agency bringing about activation |
| adaxial, ventral | nearest to or facing toward the axis of an organ or organism |
| adnate | Of unlike parts or organs |
| affinity, phylogenetic relation | (biology) state of relationship between organisms or groups of organisms resulting in resemblance in structure or structural parts |
| alar, alary, aliform, wing-shaped | Having or resembling wings |
| allopatric | (of biological species or speciation) occurring in areas isolated geographically from one another |
| alpine | Living or growing above the timber line |
| amphibiotic, semiaquatic | Having an aquatic early or larval form and a terrestrial / terrestrial adult form |
| analogous | corresponding / corresponding in function but not in evolutionary origin |
| anisogamy | (biology) reproduction by the union or fusion of two differing gametes (especially differing in size) |
| antrorse | bent / bent or curved forward or upward |
| apposition | (biology) growth in the thickness of a cell wall by the deposit of successive layers of material |
| astomatous, mouthless | Having no mouth or mouthlike opening |
| bacillar, bacillary | relating to or produced by or containing bacilli |
| basophilic | staining readily with basic dyes |
| bilocular, biloculate | divided into or containing two cells or chambers |
| binucleate, binuclear, binucleated | Having two nuclei |
| biologist, life scientist | (biology) a scientist who studies living organisms |
| brachium | (biology) a branching or armlike part of an animal |
| caducous, shed | shed at an early stage / stage of development |
| canescent, hoary | Covered with fine whitish hairs or down |
| capitate | abruptly enlarged and globose at the tip |
| cataplasia | (biology) degenerative reversion of cells or tissue to a less differentiated or more primitive form |
| cell | (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms |
| cell theory, cell doctrine | (biology) the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms |
| cellular | relating to cells |
| cenogenetic | Of or relating to cenogenesis |
| cernuous, drooping, nodding, pendulous, weeping | Having branches or flower heads that bend downward |
| class | (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more orders |
| coarctation | (biology) a narrowing or constriction of a vessel or canal |
| commensal | Living in a state of commensalism |
| compressed, flat | flattened laterally along the whole length (e.g., certain leafstalks or flatfishes) |
| conjugate | Undergo conjugation |
| connate | Of similar parts or organs |
| culture | (biology) the growing of microorganisms in a nutrient medium (such as gelatin or agar) |
| cybernetics | (biology) the field of science concerned with processes of communication and control (especially the comparison of these processes in biological and artificial systems) |
| decomposition, rot, rotting, putrefaction, breakdown | (biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action |
| dehiscence | (biology) release of material by splitting open of an organ or tissue |
| dendrology | The study of wooden plants |
| depressed | flattened downward as if pressed from above or flattened along the dorsal and ventral surfaces |
| differentiated | Exhibiting biological specialization |
| dimorphism | (biology) the existence of two forms of individual within the same animal species (independent of sex differences) |
| diurnal | Of or belonging to or active during the day |
| division | (biology) a group of organisms forming a subdivision of a larger / larger category |
| dormant, hibernating, torpid | In a condition of biological rest or suspended animation |
| downy, pubescent, puberulent, sericeous | Covered with fine soft hairs or down |
| ecological, ecologic, bionomical, bionomic | Of or relating to the science of ecology |
| enucleate | Remove the nucleus from (a cell) |
| epimorphic | Characterized by incomplete metamorphosis |
| evolution, organic evolution, phylogeny, phylogenesis | (biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms |
| extracellular | Located or occurring outside a cell or cells |
| facultative | able to exist under more than one set of conditions |
| family | (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera |
| female | The sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop |
| fissiparous | Reproducing by fission |
| form, variant, strain, var. | (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups |
| form family | (biology) an artificial taxonomic category for organisms of which the true relationships are obscure |
| form genus | (biology) an artificial taxonomic category for organisms of which the true relationships are obscure |
| formative | capable of forming new cells and tissues |
| free-living, nonparasitic, nonsymbiotic | not parasitic on another organism |
| generalized, generalised | not biologically differentiated or adapted to a specific function or environment |
| generic | relating to or common to or descriptive of all members of a genus |
| geniculate | bent at a sharp angle |
| genus | (biology) taxonomic group containing one or more species |
| glabrous | Having no hair or similar growth |
| growth, growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis | (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically |
| hermaphroditic, hermaphrodite | Of animal or plant |
| heterologous, heterologic, heterological | not corresponding / corresponding in structure or evolutionary origin |
| heterology | (biology) the lack of correspondence of apparently similar body parts |
| homogeny | (biology) similarity because of common evolution |
| homologic, homological | Similar in evolutionary origin but not in function |
| homologous | Having the same evolutionary origin but not necessarily the same function |
| in vivo | Within a living organism |
| inhibit | Limit, block, or decrease the action or function of |
| intercellular | Located between cells |
| intracellular | Located or occurring within a cell or cells |
| intussusception | (biology) growth in the surface area of a cell by the deposit of new particles between existing particles in the cell wall |
| isogamy | (biology) reproduction by the union or fusion of gametes of the same size and structure |
| isomorphism, isomorphy | (biology) similarity or identity of form or shape or structure |
| isomorphous, isomorphic | Having similar appearance but genetically different |
| katharobic | Of living being in an oxygenated environment lacking organic matter |
| labile | (chemistry, physics, biology) readily undergoing change or breakdown |
| lepidote, leprose, scabrous, scaly, scurfy | rough to the touch |
| life force, vital force, vitality, elan vital | (biology) a hypothetical force (not physical or chemical) once thought by Henri Bergson to cause the evolution and development of organisms |
| male | The sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that perform the fertilizing function in generation |
| medium | (biology) a substance in which specimens are preserved or displayed |
| meme | A cultural unit (an idea or value or pattern of behavior) that is passed from one person to another by non-genetic means (as by imitation) |
| mental | Of or relating to the chin- or liplike structure in insects and certain mollusks |
| metamorphous | produced by metamorphosis |
| monad | (biology) a single-celled microorganism (especially a flagellate protozoan) |
| mononuclear, mononucleate | Having only one nucleus |
| monotype | (biology) a taxonomic group with a single member (a single species or genus) |
| monotypic | Consisting of only one type |
| multiparous | producing more than one offspring at a time / time |
| mutant, mutation, variation, sport | (biology) an organism that has characteristics / characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration |
| myrmecophilous | Living symbiotically with ants |
| natural | Functioning or occurring in a normal way |
| nocturnal | belonging to or active during the night |
| nonterritorial | not displaying territoriality |
| nuclear | Of or relating to or constituting / constituting the nucleus of a cell |
| nucleated, nucleate | Having a nucleus or occurring in the nucleus |
| obligate | restricted to a particular condition of life |
| order | (biology) taxonomic group containing one or more families |
| organic phenomenon | (biology) a natural phenomenon involving living plants and animals |
| osmosis | (biology, chemistry) diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal |
| palingenetic | Of or relating to palingenesis |
| pedunculate, stalked | Having or growing on or from a peduncle or stalk |
| persistent, lasting | Retained |
| phylum | (biology) the major taxonomic group of animals and plants |
| pilous, pilose, pilary | Covered with hairs especially fine soft ones |
| pleomorphism | (biology) the appearance of two or more distinctly different forms in the life cycle of some organisms |
| plumate, plumed, plumose | Having an ornamental plume or feathery tuft |
| polydactyl, polydactylous | Of or relating to a person (or other vertebrate) having more than the normal number of digits |
| polymorphic, polymorphous | relating to the occurrence of more than one kind of individual (independent of sexual differences) in an interbreeding population |
| polymorphism | (biology) the existence of two or more forms of individuals within the same animal species (independent of sex differences) |
| propagate | Multiply sexually or asexually |
| recognition | (biology) the ability of one molecule to attach to another molecule that has a complementary shape |
| regeneration | (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs |
| replicate, copy | Reproduce or make an exact copy of |
| reproduce, procreate, multiply | have offspring or produce more individuals of a given animal or plant |
| reproduction | The process of generating offspring |
| retrorse | bent / bent or curved backward or downward |
| saprobic | Living in or being an environment rich in organic matter but lacking oxygen |
| semiaquatic, subaquatic | partially aquatic |
| sessile, stalkless | attached directly by the base |
| sessile | permanently attached to a substrate |
| specialization, specialisation, differentiation | (biology) the structural / structural adaptation of some body part for a particular function |
| species | (biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed |
| spindle | (biology) tiny fibers that are seen in cell division |
| stabile | (chemistry, physics, biology) resistant to change |
| stomatous | Having a mouth or mouthlike opening |
| subaqueous, subaquatic, submerged, submersed, underwater | Growing or remaining under water |
| subclass | (biology) a taxonomic category below a class and above an order |
| subfamily | (biology) a taxonomic category below a family |
| subgenus | (biology) taxonomic group between a genus and a species |
| subkingdom | (biology) a taxonomic group comprising a major division / division of a kingdom |
| suborder | (biology) taxonomic group that is a subdivision of an order |
| subphylum | (biology) a taxonomic group ranking between a phylum and a class |
| subspecies, race | (biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species |
| superclass | (biology) a taxonomic class below a phylum and above a class |
| superfamily | (biology) a taxonomic group ranking below an order but above a family |
| superorder | (biology) a taxonomic group ranking above an order and below a class or subclass |
| superphylum | (biology) a taxonomic group ranking between a phylum and below a class or subclass |
| symbiotic | Used of organisms (especially of different species) living together but not necessarily in a relation beneficial to each |
| symbiotically | In a symbiotic manner |
| sympatric | (of biological species or speciation) occurring in the same or overlapping geographical areas |
| taxonomic, taxonomical, systematic | Of or relating to taxonomy |
| taxonomy | (biology) study of the general principles of scientific classification |
| territorial | Displaying territoriality |
| tetramerous | Having or consisting of four similar parts |
| theory of evolution, theory of organic evolution, evolutionism | (biology) a scientific theory of the origin of species of plants and animals |
| theory of inheritance | (biology) a theory of how characteristics / characteristics of one generation are derived from earlier generations |
| thermolabile | (chemistry, physics, biology) readily changed or destroyed by heat |
| tomentose, tomentous | densely covered with short matted woolly hairs |
| transform | change (a bacterial cell) into a genetically distinct cell by the introduction of DNA from another cell of the same or closely related species |
| tribe | (biology) a taxonomic category between a genus and a subfamily |
| trinucleate, trinuclear, trinucleated | Having three nuclei |
| turgor | (biology) the normal rigid state of fullness of a cell or blood vessel or capillary resulting from pressure of the contents against the wall or membrane |
| type | (biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics / characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon |
| type genus | (biology) genus from which the name of a family or subfamily is formed |
| type species | (biology) the species that best exemplifies the essential characteristics / characteristics of the genus to which it belongs |
| uncus | (biology) any hook-shaped process or part |
| uniparous | producing only one offspring at a time / time |
| urceolate | urn-shaped |
| valence, valency | (biology) a relative capacity to unite or react or interact as with antigens or a biological substrate |
| variety | (biology) a taxonomic category consisting of members of a species that differ from others of the same species in minor but heritable characteristics / characteristics |
| vegetate | propagate asexually |
| ventricose, ventricous | Having a swelling on one side |
| versatile | able to move freely in all directions |
| vestigial, rudimentary | not fully developed in mature animals |
| zygomorphic, bilaterally symmetrical, zygomorphous | capable of division into symmetrical halves by only one longitudinal plane passing through the axis |
| Narrower | biogeography | Dealing with the geographical distribution of animals and plants |
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| botany, phytology | The branch of biology that studies plants |
| cryobiology | The branch of biology that studies the effects of low temperatures on living tissues or organs or organisms |
| cytology | The branch of biology that studies the structure and function of cells |
| ecology, bionomics, environmental science | The branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment / environment |
| embryology | The branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms |
| exobiology, space biology, astrobiology | The branch of biology concerned with the effects of outer space on living organisms and the search for extraterrestrial life |
| forestry | The science of planting and caring for forests / forests and the management of growing timber |
| genetics, genetic science | The branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms |
| microbiology | The branch of biology that studies microorganisms and their effects on humans |
| molecular biology | The branch of biology that studies the structure and activity of macromolecules essential to life (and especially with their genetic role) |
| morphology | The branch of biology that deals with the structure of animals and plants |
| neurobiology | The branch of biology that deals with the anatomy and physiology and pathology of the nervous system |
| paleobiology, palaeobiology | A branch of paleontology that deals with the origin and growth and structure of fossil animals and plants as living organisms |
| physiology | The branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms |
| radiobiology | The branch of biology that studies the effects of radiation on living organisms |
| sociobiology | The branch of biology that conducts comparative studies of the social organization of animals (including human beings) with regard to its evolutionary history |
| zoology, zoological science | The branch of biology that studies animals |
| Broader | life science, bioscience | Any of the branches of natural science dealing with the structure and behavior of living organisms |
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| Spanish | biología |
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| Catalan | biologia |
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| Adjectives | biological, biologic | pertaining to biology or to life and living things |
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| Nouns | biologist | (biology) a scientist who studies living organisms |
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