English > Bishop of Rome: 1 sense > noun 1, person | Meaning | The head of the Roman Catholic Church. |
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| Synonyms | pope, Catholic Pope, Roman Catholic Pope, pontiff, Holy Father, Vicar of Christ |
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| Instances | Alexander VI, Pope Alexander VI, Borgia, Rodrigo Borgia | Pope and father of Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia (1431-1503) |
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| Benedict XIV, Prospero Lambertini | pope who was a patron of the arts and who denounced the cruelty to the indigenous peoples of South America (1675-1758) |
| Benedict XV, Giacomo della Chiesa | pope who founded the Vatican service for prisoners of war during World War I (1854-1922) |
| Boniface VIII, Benedetto Caetani | pope who declared / declared that Catholic princes are subject to the pope in temporal as well as in theological matters (1235-1303) |
| Calixtus II, Guy of Burgundy | pope who in 1122 forced the Holy Roman Emperor Henry V to sign a concordat that recognized the right of the church to choose its own leadership (died in 1124) |
| Calixtus III, Borgia, Alfonso Borgia | Italian pope whose nepotism put the Borgia family in power in Italy (1378-1458) |
| Clement VII, Giulio de' Medici | Italian pope from 1523 to 1534 who broke with Henry VIII of England after Henry VIII divorced Catherine of Aragon and married Anne Boleyn (1478-1534) |
| Clement XI, Giovanni Francesco Albani | Italian pope from 1700 to 1721 who condemned Jansenist ideas on papal infallibility |
| Clement XIV, Lorenzo Ganganelli | Italian pope from 1769 to 1774 who lost whatever support remained of Catholic Europe, causing the church to fall into the hands of secular princes (1705-1774) |
| Gregory, Gregory I, Saint Gregory I, St. Gregory I, Gregory the Great | (Roman Catholic Church) an Italian pope distinguished for his spiritual and temporal leadership |
| Gregory, Gregory VII, Hildebrand | The Italian pope who fought to establish the supremacy of the pope over the Roman Catholic Church and the supremacy of the church over the state (1020-1085) |
| Gregory, Gregory XII, Angelo Correr | The Italian pope from 1406 to 1415 who worked to end the Great Schism and who retired to make it possible (1327-1417) |
| Gregory, Gregory XIII, Ugo Buoncompagni | The pope who sponsored the introduction of the modern calendar (1572-1585) |
| Gregory, Gregory XVI, Bartolomeo Alberto Capillari | Italian pope from 1831 to 1846 |
| Innocent III, Lotario di Segni | Italian pope from 1198 to 1216 who instituted the Fourth Crusade and under whom papal intervention in European politics reached its height (1161-1216) |
| Innocent VIII, Giovanni Battista Cibo | Italian pope from 1484 to 1492 who was known as a nepotist and was attacked by Savonarola for his worldliness (1432-1492) |
| Innocent XI, Benedetto Odescalchi | Italian pope from 1676 to 1689 whose papacy was marked by the struggle with Louis XIV of France over papal authority over French Catholics |
| Innocent XII, Antonio Pignatelli | Italian pope from 1691 to 1700 who abolished nepotism within the church hierarchy and was universally loved for his charity and piety |
| John Paul I, Albino Luciano | The first Pope to assume a double name |
| John Paul II, Karol Wojtyla | The first Pope born in Poland |
| John XXIII, Angelo Guiseppe Roncalli | Italian pope from 1958 to 1963 who convoked the Second Vatican Council (1881-1963) |
| Leo I, St. Leo I, Leo the Great | Italian pope from 440 to 461 who extended the authority of the papacy to the west and persuaded Attila not to attack Rome (440-461) |
| Leo III | Italian pope from 795 to 816 who in 800 crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans (750-816) |
| Leo IX, Bruno, Bruno of Toul | German pope from 1049 to 1054 whose papacy was the beginning of papal reforms in the 11th century (1002-1054) |
| Leo X, Giovanni de'Medici | son of Lorenzo de'Medici and pope from 1513 to 1521 who excommunicated Martin Luther and who in 1521 bestowed on Henry VIII the title of Defender of the Faith (1475-1521) |
| Leo XIII, Gioacchino Pecci, Giovanni Vincenzo Pecci | Italian pope from 1878 to 1903 who was interested in the advancement of learning and who opened the Vatican secret archives to all scholars |
| Martin V, Oddone Colonna | Italian pope from 1417 to 1431 whose election as pope ended the Great Schism (1368-1431) |
| Nicholas V, Tomasso Parentucelli | Italian pope from 1447 to 1455 who founded the Vatican library (1397-1455) |
| Paul III, Alessandro Farnese | Italian pope from 1534 to 1549 who excommunicated Henry VIII of England in 1538 and initiated the Council of Trent in 1545 |
| Paul VI, Giovanni Battista Montini | Italian pope from 1963 to 1978 who eased restrictions on fasting and on interfaith marriages (1897-1978) |
| Pius II, Aeneas Silvius, Enea Silvio Piccolomini | Italian pope from 1458 to 1464 who is remembered for his unsuccessful attempt to lead a crusade against the Turks (1405-1464) |
| Pius IX, Giovanni Mastai-Ferretti, Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti | Italian pope from 1846 to 1878 who in 1854 declared the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary |
| Pius V, Antonio Ghislieri | Italian pope from 1566 to 1572 who led the reformation / reformation of the Roman Catholic Church |
| Pius VI, Giovanni Angelo Braschi, Giannangelo Braschi | Italian pope from 1775 to 1799 who served during the French Revolution |
| Pius VII, Barnaba Chiaramonti, Luigi Barnaba Gregorio Chiaramonti | Italian pope from 1800 to 1823 who was humiliated by Napoleon and taken prisoner in 1809 |
| Pius X, Giuseppe Sarto, Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto | pope who condemned religious modernism |
| Pius XI, Achille Ratti, Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti | pope who signed a treaty with Mussolini recognizing the Vatican City as an independent state (1857-1939) |
| Pius XII, Eugenio Pacelli | pope who maintained neutrality during World War II and was later criticized for not aiding the Jews who were persecuted by Hitler (1876-1958) |
| Sixtus IV, Francesco della Rovere | Italian pope from 1471 to 1484 who consented to the establishment of the Spanish Inquisition and built the Sistine Chapel (1414-1484) |
| Sylvester II, Gerbert | French pope from 999 to 1003 who was noted for his great learning (945-1003) |
| Urban II, Odo, Odo of Lagery, Otho, Otho of Lagery | French pope from 1088 to 1099 whose sermons called for the First Crusade (1042-1099) |
| Urban V, Guillaume de Grimoard | French pope from 1362 to 1370 who tried to reestablish the papacy in Rome but in 1367 returned to Avignon hoping to end the war between France and England |
| Urban VI, Bartolomeo Prignano | Italian pope from 1378 to 1389 whose contested election began the Great Schism |
| Urban VIII, Maffeo Barberini | Italian pope from 1623 to 1644 who sanctioned the condemnation of Galileo but later freed him (1568-1644) |
| Member of | papacy, pontificate | The government of the Roman Catholic Church |
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| Narrower | antipope | someone who is elected pope in opposition to another person who is held to be canonically elected |
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| Broader | Catholic | A member of a Catholic church |
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| spiritual leader | A leader in religious or sacred affairs |
| Spanish | Papa, papa, pontífice, Sumo pontífice |
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| Catalan | Papa, papa, pontífex, Pontífex |
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