| VERB | change | befoul, foul, defile, maculate | spot, stain, or pollute |
|---|
| Meaning | Spot, stain, or pollute. | |
|---|---|---|
| Pattern | Somebody ----s something; Somebody ----s somebody; Something ----s somebody; Something ----s something | |
| Synonyms | foul, defile, maculate | |
| Broader | dishonor, disgrace, dishonour, attaint, shame | Bring shame or dishonor upon |
| Spanish | contaminar, emporcar, ensuciar, macular, manchar, polucionar | |
| Catalan | embrutar, tacar | |
| Nouns | befoulment | the state of being polluted |
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