| Meaning | The land between the Tigris and Euphrates; site of several ancient civilizations; part of what is now known as Iraq. |
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| Instance of | geographical area, geographic area, geographical region, geographic region | A demarcated area of the Earth |
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| Part of | Iraq, Republic of Iraq, Al-Iraq, Irak | A republic in the Middle East in western Asia |
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| Parts | Assyria | An ancient kingdom in northern Mesopotamia which is in present-day Iraq |
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| Babylon | The chief city of ancient Mesopotamia and capital of the ancient kingdom of Babylonia |
| Babylonia, Chaldaea, Chaldea | An ancient kingdom in southern Mesopotamia |
| Chaldea, Chaldaea | An ancient region of Mesopotamia lying between the Euphrates delta and the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Desert |
| Region of | Akkadian | An ancient branch of the Semitic languages |
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| Apsu | father of the gods and consort of Tiamat |
| Aruru | mother and earth goddess in Gilgamish epic |
| Assyrian Akkadian, Assyrian | An extinct language of the Assyrians in ancient Mesopotamia |
| Babylon | The chief city of ancient Mesopotamia and capital of the ancient kingdom of Babylonia |
| Dagan | god of agriculture and earth |
| Ea | The Babylonian god of wisdom / wisdom / wisdom |
| Ereshkigal, Eresh-kigal, Ereshkigel | goddess of death and consort of Nergal |
| Namtar, Namtaru | A demon personifying death |
| Nergal | (Akkadian) god ruling with his consort Ereshkigal the world of the dead |
| Ningal | (Akkadian) a goddess |
| Sin | (Akkadian) god of the Moon |
| Tiamat | (Akkadian) mother of the gods and consort of Apsu |
| Spanish | Mesopotamia |
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| Catalan | Mesopotàmia |
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