| NOUN | act | self-mortification, penance, self-abasement | voluntary self-punishment in order to atone for some wrongdoing |
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| Meaning | Voluntary self-punishment in order to atone for some wrongdoing. | |
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| Synonyms | penance, self-abasement | |
| Broader | punishment, penalty, penalization, penalisation | The act of punishing |
| Spanish | autodegradación, automortificación, penitencia | |
| Catalan | penitència | |
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