| NOUN | object | defile, gorge | a narrow pass (especially one between mountains) |
|---|---|---|---|
| VERB | contact | defile, sully, corrupt, taint, cloud | place under suspicion or cast doubt upon |
| contact | defile, tarnish, stain, maculate, sully | make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air | |
| change | defile, foul, befoul, maculate | spot, stain, or pollute |
| Meaning | A narrow pass (especially one between mountains). | |
|---|---|---|
| Synonym | gorge | |
| Broader | pass, mountain pass, notch | The location in a range of mountains of a geological formation that is lower than the surrounding peaks |
| Spanish | angostura, colada, congosto, cortadura, desfiladero, estrecho, garganta, paso | |
| Catalan | congost, engorjat, escanyall, gorja | |
| Meaning | place under suspicion or cast doubt upon. | |
|---|---|---|
| Pattern | Somebody ----s something; Something ----s somebody; Something ----s something | |
| Synonyms | sully, corrupt, taint, cloud | |
| Broader | mar, impair, spoil, deflower, vitiate | make imperfect |
| Spanish | afear, mancillar, pervertir | |
| Catalan | pervertir, sollar | |
| Meaning | make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically. | |
|---|---|---|
| Pattern | Something ----s; Somebody ----s something; Something ----s something | |
| Synonyms | tarnish, stain, maculate, sully | |
| Narrower | darken | tarnish or stain |
| Broader | spot, fleck, blob, blot | make a spot or mark onto |
| Spanish | deslustrar, manchar, mancillar | |
| Catalan | desllustrar | |
| Meaning | Spot, stain, or pollute. | |
|---|---|---|
| Pattern | Somebody ----s something; Somebody ----s somebody; Something ----s somebody; Something ----s something | |
| Example | "The townspeople defiled the river by emptying raw sewage into it" | |
| Synonyms | foul, befoul, maculate | |
| Broader | dishonor, disgrace, dishonour, attaint, shame | Bring shame or dishonor upon |
| Spanish | contaminar, emporcar, ensuciar, macular, manchar, polucionar | |
| Catalan | embrutar, tacar | |
| Nouns | defilement | the state of being polluted |
| defiler | a person or organization that causes pollution of the environment | |
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